Forgot your password?
Please enter your email & we will send your password to you:
My Account:
Copyright © International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). All rights reserved. ( Source of the document: ICC Digital Library )
Staff changes at the Secretariat
Andrea Carlevaris has succeeded Jason Fry at the helm of the Secretariat of the Court. He took up his appointment on 1 September 2012 and brings to the position experience as both a user and a provider of ICC arbitration. Immediately prior to becoming Secretary General, Mr Carlevaris was a partner in one of Italy's leading law firms, where he represented clients in a wide range of dispute resolution proceedings, specializing in public international law, conflicts of law and international civil procedure as well as international arbitration. Mr Carlevaris knows ICC arbitration well from the inside, having been the ICC Court member for Italy between 2009 and 2012 and, earlier in his career, counsel in charge of one of the Secretariat's case management teams between 1999 and 2003. An Italian national, Mr Carlevaris holds a doctorate in international law and is admitted to the Italian Bar. He has written widely on international arbitration in English and French as well as in his native Italian.
Managing some 1,500 ongoing international arbitrations is the Secretariat's core activity. To fulfil this job and keep pace with the increasingly wide range of countries from which it receives cases, the Secretariat has not only grown in size but has also expanded the range of skills and nationalities among its staff. Recent developments in this field are described below.
The Secretariat's eight case management teams are each headed by a counsel with the legal and linguistic skills and cultural awareness necessary to handling cases from diverse countries and regions. Recent recruits (and their countries of origin) include Alexander Fessas (Cyprus), Maria Hauser (Poland), Marie-Camille Pitton (France) and Eliana Tornese (Italy), who join existing counsel Christian Albanesi (Italy/Argentina), Gustav Flecke-Giammarco (Germany/Italy) and Cheng-Yee Khong (Malaysia). Each case management team has a different regional focus and every effort is made to ensure that the staff comprising any given team has the appropriate legal and linguistic knowledge to offer a service adapted to the nature of its caseload.
In order to deliver that service with the efficiency that users expect, the Secretariat's operations have been extended beyond its Paris headquarters. In 2008, an office was opened in Hong Kong to provide users in South and East Asia and the Pacific region with local services in their own time zone. Following the success of this initial move to decentralize some of its services, a similar initiative has been announced for North America with plans to establish an office in New York housing a case management team focusing on cases related to North America.
The size of the Secretariat's caseload has necessitated changes in its case management structure, too. Since the beginning of 2012, the activity of the case management teams is overseen and coordinated by the Secretariat's management, comprising its four most senior staff-the Secretary General, his Deputy, the General Counsel and the Managing Counsel, a newly created position. The current occupants of these positions, who again have complementary legal and linguistic skills and cultural backgrounds, are respectively Andrea Carlevaris (Italy), José Ricardo Feris (Dominican Republic/Spain), Emmanuel Jolivet (France) and Victoria Orlowski (USA).
ICC Court starts a new term
At its 200th session in Paris on 29 June 2012, the ICC World Council appointed the members of the ICC International Court of Arbitration who will hold office for three years from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2015. These appointments included some 40 members who had not previously sat on the Court. The incumbent President, John Beechey was reelected at the head of the Court and the number of Vice-Presidents has risen to 17. Altogether, the Court now comprises 128 members from 84 countries and territories. Court members are proposed for appointment by the ICC's National Committees and Groups. However, once appointed, they exercise their functions independently of the National Committees and Groups that proposed them (Article 3, Internal Rules of the Court). The current composition of the Court is listed below.
John Beechey - United Kingdom
Mohammed Chemloul - Algeria
Teresa Yeuk Wah Cheng - Hong Kong
Vladimir V. Khvalei - Russia
Laurent Levy - Switzerland/Brazil
Loretta Malintoppi - Italy
Salim Moollan - France/Mauritius
Alexis Mourre - France
Ciccu Mukhopadhaya - India
Karyl Nairn - Australia
José Emilio Nunes Pinto - Brazil
Alan Redfern - United Kingdom
Klaus Sachs - Germany
Carl F. Salans - United States
Eric A. Schwartz - United States
Christopher R. Seppälä - United States
Vera Van Houtte - Belgium
Claus von Wobeser - Mexico
(* Alternate members are those with an asterisk next to their names.)
Algeria
Nasr-Eddine Lezzar
Wassila Mouzai*
Australia
Bruce W. Collins
Simon Greenberg*
Austria
Rudolf Fiebinger
Wulf Gordian Hauser*
Bahrain
Rashid A. R. Ebrahim
Zeenat A. Al Mansoori*
Bangladesh
Rafique Ul-Huq
Belgium
Jacques Lévy-Morelle
Bolivia
Juan Carlos Urenda Diaz
Bulgaria
Assen Alexiev
Burkina Faso
Barthélemy Kere
Canada
Todd Wetmore
Henri C. Alvarez*
Caribbean
Roger Hamel-Smith
Chile
Manuel José Vial Vial
Sabina Sacco*
China
Jingzhou Tao
Chinese Taipei
Nigel Nien-Tsu Li
Colombia
Fernando Mantilla-Serrano
Costa Rica
Pablo J. Valverde
Croatia
Hrvoje Sikiric
Cuba
Narciso A. Cobo Roura
Cyprus
Kypros Chrysostomides
Czech Republic
Alexander J. Belohlavek
Denmark
Georg Lett
Dominican Republic
Marcos Pena Rodriguez
Ecuador
Eduardo Carmigniani Valencia
José Maria Perez*
Egypt
Mustafa Mohamed El Bahabety
Tarek Fouad A. Riad*
Estonia
Asko Pohla
Finland
Carita Wallgren-Lindholm
France
Philippe Boivin
Emmanuel Vuillard*
Georgia
Nick Gvinadze
Germany
Klaus-Albrecht Gerstenmaier
Rolf Trittmann*
Ghana
Ace Anan Ankomah
Felix Ntrakwah*
Greece
Anna P. Mantakou
Guatemala
Alvaro Rodrigo Castellanos Howell
Hong Kong
Niel Kaplan
Hungary
Attila Harmathy
Iceland
Haflidi Kistjan Larusson
India
Dharmasinh Morarji Popat
Lalit Bhasin*
Indonesia
Frans Hendra Winarta
Iran
Mohsen Mohebi
Ireland
James Connolly
Timothy Bouchier-Hayes*
Israel
Zvi Bar-Nathan
Ronen Setty*
Italy
Luca Radicati di Brozolo
Luigi Fumagalli*
Japan
Hiroshi Oda
Jordan
Adib Habayeb
Korea
Kap-You (Kevin) Kim
Seung Wha Chang*
Kuwait
Yousof Mohammed Al-Ali
Lebanon
Adel Nassar
Roland Ziadé*
Lithuania
Vilija Vaitkuté Pavan
Luxembourg
Jean Meyer
Malaysia
Cecil W.M. Abraham
Mexico
Alejandro Ogarrio Ramirez Espana
Monaco
Géraldine Gazo
Morocco
Abdelfattah Bensouda
Kamal Nasrollah*
Netherlands
Marnix A. Leijten
New Zealand
Wendy J. Miles
Derek S. Firth*
Nigeria
Gabriel Adesiyan Olawoyin
Dorothy Udeme Ufot*
Norway
Anders Ryssdal
Pakistan
Badaruddin F. Vellani
Anwar Mansoor Khan*
Palestine
Lubna S. Katbeh
Panama
Esteban López Moreno
Philippines
Custodio Parlade
Poland
Piotr Nowaczyk
Portugal
José Miguel Júdice
Qatar
Remy M. Rowhani
Romania
Crenguta Leaua
Russian Federation
Nina Grigorievna Vilkova
Saudi Arabia
Bandar Bin Salman Al-Saud
Khalid Abdulaziz Alnowaiser*
Senegal
Ely Ousmane Sarr
Rasseck Bourgi*
Serbia
Dragor Hiber
Singapore
Michael Hwang
Christopher Lau*
Slovakia
František Poredos
Slovenia
Aleš Galic
South Africa
Des Williams
Spain
María Mercedes Tarrazón Rodón
Antonio Hierro*
Sri Lanka
Casipillai Chakradaran
Sweden
Bo G. H. Nilsson
Switzerland
Markus Wirth
Philipp Habegger*
Syria
Hussein Khaddour
Thailand
Vanina Sucharitkul
Tunisia
Walid Ben Hamida
Samia Maktouf*
Turkey
Ziya Akinci
Ukraine
Irina Nazarova
United Arab Emirates
Hadif Rashid Al Owais
United Kingdom
Julian D. M. Lew
Michael Young*
United States
Mark Beckett
Donald Francis Donovan*
Uruguay
Paul Fabien Arrighi Bustamante
Commission reports new in print
The ICC Commission on Arbitration has released two reports in which it draws some practical implications from the newly revised ICC Rules of Arbitration in two key areas.
Arbitration Involving States and State Entities under the ICC Rules of Arbitration sheds light on the use and suitability of ICC arbitration for resolving disputes involving states and state entities. The report's opening paragraphs provide background information on the size and nature of the ICC's caseload involving states and state entities. It then offers recommendations on drafting ICC arbitration agreements for both commercial arbitrations and investment arbitrations involving states and state entities. The second part of the report looks at aspects of practice and procedure-several of them introduced in the latest revision of the ICC Rules of Arbitration-that are intended to address the special needs of state parties without removing any of the advantages that have long been appreciated by the business community.
The second report is a new edition of one of the Commission's most widely ready reports, Techniques for Controlling Time and Costs in Arbitration. The first edition of this report was published in 2007 and the recommendations it makes have attracted considerable interest from practitioners wishing to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of arbitration proceedings. Since then, the ICC has revised its Rules of Arbitration, which include a number of provisions inspired by recommendations made in the first edition of the report. The new edition brings the report into line with the new Rules, not only by updating the cross-references to the Rules but, more importantly, by including new recommendations on case management consistent with the emphasis the new Rules place on procedural efficiency and cost control.
Controlling Time and Costs in Arbitration, ICC Publication 861
States, State Entities and ICC Arbitration, ICC Publication 862
Both reports are available at www.iccwbo.org and in the online ICC Dispute Resolution Library at www.iccdrl.com.
New note on administrative secretaries
The Secretariat of the ICC Court has issued a revised note on the appointment, duties and remuneration of administrative secretaries. Effective as of 1 August 2012, the new note replaces a previous note on the subject dating from October 1995.
Secretariat notes are issued pursuant to Article 5(2) of Appendix II of the ICC Rules of Arbitration and are intended to provide information to parties and arbitrators related to the conduct of ICC arbitral proceedings.
In August 2011, the Bureau of the Court, the Court's policy unit consisting of the Court's President, its Vice-Presidents and the Secretariat's management, emphasized the need to revise the Note on the Appointment of Administrative Secretaries by Arbitral Tribunals, dated 1 October 1995. This decision marked a turning point in the long-running discussion about the need for a restatement of the policy and practice of the Court and its Secretariat regarding the engagement of administrative secretaries by arbitral tribunals.
In the months that followed, a working group comprising John Beechey, Vladimir Khvalei, Laurent Levy, Loretta Malintoppi, Alexis Mourre, Carl Salans and Vera van Houtte exchanged a considerable number of comments and discussed proposals for changes in light of recent practices followed by arbitral tribunals. Following a meeting of this working group in Paris in March 2012, broad consensus on the text of a draft note was reached. The note was subsequently approved by the Bureau of the Court in July 2012.
The development of a new note is part of a continuous assessment of the ICC arbitration process to ensure that it remains up to date, relevant and, not least, responsive to users' demands. The note restates the general principle under the previous note that the remuneration of administrative secretaries is to be paid out of the fees of the arbitral tribunal. It should be read against the backdrop of the newly introduced Rules, which promote time and cost efficiency in ICC arbitrations.
The new note clarifies the procedure to be followed regarding the appointment of administrative secretaries and enumerates tasks that can be performed by administrative secretaries which are widely accepted as lending useful professional assistance to arbitral tribunals. It also answers the parties' concerns regarding the need for greater certainty as to the costs of arbitration proceedings.
A review of the ever-growing number of ICC cases involving administrative secretaries evidenced the need for the note to address the perceived inequality of bargaining power between parties and arbitrators regarding the remuneration of administrative secretaries. Parties have, on occasion, been faced with requests from arbitral tribunals that they enter into separate 'side arrangements' in respect of the remuneration of the administrative secretary, such that the cost of the service provided by the administrative secretary becomes an additional cost in the arbitration to be borne exclusively by the parties. The making of such a request places the parties in an invidious position: no party wishes to be seen to decline to accede to a clearly signalled and expressed wish of an arbitral tribunal. Since such separate fee arrangements between parties and arbitrators are contrary to the Rules, the note is in this respect an evolution of the principle enshrined in Article 2(4) of Appendix III of the Rules.
The note recognizes the widespread acceptance of the use of administrative secretaries in arbitral proceedings. It addresses the duties of administrative secretaries and encourages transparency as to their scope in any particular case.
In addition to defining the scope of the duties which it is reasonable to call upon an administrative secretary to undertake, the note makes it plain, however, that certain essential tasks and duties, which are personal to an arbitrator in the proper fulfilment of an arbitrator's functions, are not susceptible to, or appropriate for, delegation to an administrative secretary.
The new note is reproduced below in English, French and Spanish.
--------------
The ICC Rules of Arbitration ('Rules') are silent as to the appointment, duties and remuneration of arbitral tribunal administrative secretaries or other assistants ('Administrative Secretaries'). This note replaces the Secretariat's previous note on the same subject. It sets out the policy and practice of the ICC International Court of Arbitration ('Court') and its Secretariat regarding the engagement of Administrative Secretaries by arbitral tribunals. It applies with respect to any Administrative Secretary appointed on or after 1 August 2012. Any arbitral tribunal proposing to appoint an Administrative Secretary shall provide the parties with a copy of this note.
Administrative Secretaries can provide a useful service to the parties and arbitral tribunals in ICC arbitration. While principally engaged to assist three-member arbitral tribunals, an Administrative Secretary may also assist a sole arbitrator. Administrative Secretaries can be appointed at any time during an arbitration.
If an arbitral tribunal envisages the appointment of an Administrative Secretary, it shall consider carefully whether in the circumstances of that particular case such an appointment would be appropriate.
Administrative Secretaries must satisfy the same independence and impartiality requirements as those which apply to arbitrators under the Rules. ICC staff members are not permitted to serve as Administrative Secretaries.
There is no formal process for the appointment of an Administrative Secretary. However, before any steps are made to appoint an Administrative Secretary, the arbitral tribunal shall inform the parties of its proposal to do so. For this purpose, the arbitral tribunal shall submit to the parties the proposed Administrative Secretary's curriculum vitae, together with a declaration of independence and impartiality, an undertaking on the part of the Administrative Secretary to act in accordance with the present note and an undertaking on the part of the arbitral tribunal to ensure that this obligation on the part of the Administrative Secretary shall be met.
The arbitral tribunal shall make clear to the parties that they may object to such proposal and an Administrative Secretary shall not be appointed if a party has raised an objection.
Administrative Secretaries act upon the arbitral tribunal's instructions and under its strict supervision. The arbitral tribunal shall, at all times, be responsible for the Administrative Secretary's conduct in relation to the arbitration.
An Administrative Secretary may perform organizational and administrative tasks such as:
- transmitting documents and communications on behalf of the arbitral tribunal;
- organizing and maintaining the arbitral tribunal's file and locating documents;
- organizing hearings and meetings;
- attending hearings, meetings and deliberations; taking notes or minutes or keeping time;
- conducting legal or similar research; and
- proofreading and checking citations, dates and cross-references in procedural orders and awards as well as correcting typographical, grammatical or calculation errors.
Under no circumstances may the arbitral tribunal delegate decision-making functions to an Administrative Secretary. Nor should the arbitral tribunal rely on the Administrative Secretary to perform any essential duties of an arbitrator.
The Administrative Secretary may not act, or be required to act, in such a manner as to prevent or discourage direct communications among the arbitrators, between the arbitral tribunal and the parties, or between the arbitral tribunal and the Secretariat.
A request by an arbitral tribunal to an Administrative Secretary to prepare written notes or memoranda shall in no circumstances release the arbitral tribunal from its duty personally to review the file and/or to draft any decision of the arbitral tribunal.
When in doubt about which tasks may be performed by an Administrative Secretary, the arbitral tribunal or the Administrative Secretary should contact the Secretariat.
With the exception of the Administrative Secretary's reasonable personal disbursements as detailed in this note, the engagement of an Administrative Secretary should not pose any additional financial burden on the parties. Accordingly, the arbitral tribunal may not look to the parties for the reimbursement of any costs associated with an Administrative Secretary beyond the scope prescribed in this note.
Any remuneration payable to the Administrative Secretary shall be paid by the arbitral tribunal out of the total funds available for the fees of all arbitrators, such that the fees of the Administrative Secretary will not increase the total costs of the arbitration.
In no circumstances should the arbitral tribunal seek from the parties any form of compensation for the Administrative Secretary's activity. Direct arrangements between the arbitral tribunal and the parties on the Administrative Secretary's fees are prohibited. Since the fees of the arbitral tribunal are established on an ad valorem basis, any compensation to be paid to the Administrative Secretary is deemed to be included in the arbitral tribunal's fees.
The arbitral tribunal may seek reimbursement from the parties of the Administrative Secretary's justified reasonable expenses for hearings and meetings.
Le Règlement d'arbitrage de la CCI (« Règlement ») ne comporte aucune disposition relative à la désignation, aux obligations ou à la rémunération de secrétaires administratifs ou d'autres personnes engagées pour seconder le tribunal arbitral (« Secrétaires administratifs »). La présente note remplace la précédente note du Secrétariat sur le même sujet. Elle expose la politique et la pratique de la Cour internationale d'arbitrage de la CCI (« Cour ») et de son Secrétariat relativement à la désignation de Secrétaires administratifs par les tribunaux arbitraux. Elle s'applique à toutes les désignations de Secrétaires administratifs à partir du 1er août 2012 inclus. Un tribunal arbitral qui propose de nommer un Secrétaire administratif doit fournir un exemplaire de la présente note aux parties.
Le Secrétaire administratif peut fournir un service utile aux parties et au tribunal arbitral dans le cadre d'arbitrages CCI. Bien que principalement engagé pour seconder un tribunal arbitral composé de trois arbitres, le Secrétaire administratif peut également assister un arbitre unique. Sa nomination peut intervenir à n'importe quel stade de la procédure.
Lorsqu'un tribunal arbitral envisage de nommer un Secrétaire administratif, il doit apprécier soigneusement l'opportunité d'une telle nomination en l'espèce.
Le Secrétaire administratif devra satisfaire à des conditions d'indépendance et d'impartialité identiques à celles que le Règlement impose à l'arbitre. Les membres du personnel de la CCI ne sont pas autorisés à agir en tant que Secrétaires administratifs.
La nomination du Secrétaire administratif ne fait pas l'objet d'une procédure formelle. Cependant, le tribunal arbitral doit informer les parties qu'il propose de procéder à une telle nomination avant de l'entreprendre. À cette fin, le tribunal arbitral doit communiquer aux parties le curriculum vitae du Secrétaire administratif pressenti ainsi qu'une déclaration d'indépendance et d'impartialité, une attestation du Secrétaire administratif indiquant qu'il s'engage à agir en conformité avec la présente note et une attestation du tribunal arbitral indiquant qu'il s'engage à assurer le respect de cette obligation par le Secrétaire administratif.
Le tribunal arbitral doit rappeler clairement aux parties leur faculté de s'opposer à une telle proposition. Il ne sera pas procédé à la nomination d'un Secrétaire administratif si l'une des parties s'y oppose.
Le Secrétaire administratif agit sur les instructions du tribunal arbitral et sous sa stricte surveillance. Le tribunal arbitral est, à tout moment, responsable du comportement du Secrétaire administratif dans le cadre de l'arbitrage.
Le Secrétaire administratif peut accomplir des tâches relatives à l'organisation et à la gestion telles que :
- la transmission de documents et de communications au nom du tribunal arbitral ;
- l'organisation et la tenue du dossier du tribunal arbitral ainsi que la localisation de documents ;
- l'organisation d'audiences et de réunions ;
- la participation aux audiences, réunions et délibérations du tribunal arbitral ; la prise de notes, la réalisation de procès-verbaux, le chronométrage ;
- les recherches juridiques ou autres ;
- la relecture et la vérification de citations, dates, références dans les ordonnances de procédure et sentences ainsi que la correction d'erreurs typographiques, de grammaire ou de calcul.
Le tribunal arbitral ne pourra en aucun cas déléguer au Secrétaire administratif une quelconque fonction décisionnelle ni compter sur lui pour l'accomplissement de tâches essentielles appartenant à l'arbitre.
Il est interdit au Secrétaire administratif d'agir, de son propre chef ou conformément à des instructions reçues, de manière à empêcher ou à décourager des communications directes entre les arbitres, entre le tribunal arbitral et les parties, ou entre le tribunal arbitral et le Secrétariat.
Le fait pour un tribunal arbitral de demander au Secrétaire administratif de préparer des notes écrites ou des mémorandums ne pourra en aucun cas dispenser le tribunal arbitral de son obligation de revoir personnellement le dossier et/ou de rédiger lui-même toute décision du tribunal arbitral.
En cas de doute sur la détermination des tâches pouvant être accomplies par le Secrétaire administratif, le tribunal arbitral ou le Secrétaire administratif est invité à prendre contact avec le Secrétariat.
A l'exception des frais personnels raisonnablement exposés par le Secrétaire administratif mentionnés dans la présente note, le recours à un Secrétaire administratif ne doit imposer aucune charge financière supplémentaire aux parties. Par conséquent, le tribunal arbitral ne pourra pas se tourner vers les parties pour obtenir le remboursement de toute dépense afférente au Secrétaire administratif au-delà des limites prévues dans la présente note.
Toute rémunération due au Secrétaire administratif doit être prélevée sur la somme totale des fonds alloués pour les honoraires des arbitres, de façon à éviter toute majoration du coût total de l'arbitrage.
En aucun cas le tribunal arbitral ne doit demander aux parties un quelconque défraiement au titre des activités du Secrétaire administratif. Toute entente sur les honoraires du Secrétaire administratif faite directement entre les parties et le tribunal arbitral est prohibée. Les honoraires du tribunal arbitral étant calculés sur la base du montant en litige, toute rémunération due au Secrétaire administratif est réputée être comprise dans les honoraires du tribunal arbitral.
Le tribunal arbitral pourra demander aux parties le remboursement, sur justificatif, des frais raisonnablement exposés par le Secrétaire administratif pour les audiences et les réunions.
El Reglamento de Arbitraje de la CCI («Reglamento») no prevé ninguna disposición en relación con el nombramiento, los deberes y la remuneración de los secretarios administrativos y de otros asistentes del tribunal arbitral («Secretarios Administrativos»). La presente nota reemplaza la anterior nota de la Secretaría sobre el mismo tema. La nota expone la política y la práctica de la Corte Internacional de Arbitraje de la CCI («Corte») y de su Secretaría en relación con la designación de Secretarios Administrativos por parte de los tribunales arbitrales. La nota se aplica a todos los nombramientos de Secretarios Administrativos realizados a partir del 1° de agosto de 2012. Cualquier tribunal arbitral que proponga el nombramiento de un Secretario Administrativo deberá proveer a las partes una copia de la presente nota.
Los Secretarios Administrativos pueden proporcionar un servicio útil a las partes y al tribunal arbitral en los arbitrajes CCI. Aunque está designado principalmente para asistir a los tribunales arbitrales de tres miembros, un Secretario Administrativo puede también asistir a un árbitro único. Los Secretarios Administrativos pueden ser nombrados en cualquier momento durante el arbitraje.
Si un tribunal arbitral prevé el nombramiento de un Secretario Administrativo, debe considerar cuidadosamente si, en las circunstancias particulares del caso, tal nombramiento sería apropiado.
Los Secretarios Administrativos deben satisfacer los mismos requisitos de independencia e imparcialidad que se aplican a los árbitros bajo el Reglamento. Los miembros del personal de la CCI no pueden actuar como Secretarios Administrativos.
No existe un proceso estricto para el nombramiento de un Secretario Administrativo. No obstante, antes de tomar cualquier medida tendiente al nombramiento de un Secretario Administrativo, el tribunal arbitral debe informar a las partes su propuesta para hacerlo. A tal efecto, el tribunal arbitral debe someter a las partes el curriculum vitae del Secretario Administrativo propuesto, junto con una declaración de independencia e imparcialidad, un compromiso por parte del Secretario Administrativo de actuar de conformidad con la presente nota y un compromiso por parte del tribunal arbitral de garantizar que esta obligación del Secretario Administrativo será cumplida.
El tribunal arbitral debe indicar a las partes que estas tienen la posibilidad de oponerse a dicha propuesta, y un Secretario Administrativo no podrá ser nombrado si alguna de las partes objeta.
Los Secretarios Administrativos actúan de conformidad con las instrucciones del tribunal arbitral y bajo su estricta supervisión. El tribunal arbitral será, en todo momento, responsable de la conducta del Secretario Administrativo en relación con el arbitraje.
Un Secretario Administrativo puede ejecutar tareas de organización y administrativas tales como:
- transmitir documentos y comunicaciones en nombre del tribunal arbitral;
- organizar y mantener el expediente del tribunal arbitral y localizar documentos;
- organizar audiencias y reuniones;
- asistir a audiencias, reuniones y deliberaciones; tomar notas o minutas, o hacer el conteo de tiempo;
- realizar búsquedas legales o similares;
- realizar correcciones y verificar citaciones, fechas y referencias cruzadas en órdenes procesales y laudos, así como corregir errores tipográficos, gramaticales o de cálculo.
Bajo ninguna circunstancia el tribunal arbitral puede delegar funciones de toma de decisiones en el Secretario Administrativo. Asimismo, el tribunal arbitral no podrá contar con el Secretario Administrativo para la realización de ningún deber esencial del árbitro.
El Secretario Administrativo no podrá actuar, ni podrá solicitársele que actúe, de manera tal que se impida o se disuada la comunicación directa entre los árbitros, entre el tribunal arbitral y las partes o entre el tribunal arbitral y la Secretaría.
La solicitud de un tribunal arbitral al Secretario Administrativo para preparar notas escritas o memorandos no debe, bajo ninguna circunstancia, eximir al tribunal arbitral de su deber de revisar personalmente el expediente y/o de redactar él mismo cualquier decisión del tribunal arbitral.
En caso de duda acerca de la determinación de las tareas que pueden ser realizadas por un Secretario Administrativo, el tribunal arbitral o el Secretario Administrativo deberán contactar a la Secretaría.
Con excepción de los gastos personales razonables del Secretario Administrativo que se mencionan en esta nota, la designación de un Secretario Administrativo no debe generar una carga financiera adicional para las partes. En consecuencia, el tribunal arbitral no debe acudir a las partes para el reembolso de ningún coste asociado con el Secretario Administrativo más allá del alcance descrito en esta nota.
Cualquier remuneración que deba pagarse al Secretario Administrativo será sufragada por el tribunal arbitral con cargo a los fondos disponibles para los honorarios de todos los árbitros, de manera que los honorarios del Secretario Administrativo no aumenten el coste total del arbitraje.
Bajo ninguna circunstancia el tribunal arbitral podrá solicitar a las partes cualquier forma de compensación por las actividades del Secretario Administrativo. Está prohibido cualquier acuerdo directo entre el tribunal arbitral y las partes sobre los honorarios del Secretario Administrativo. Dado que los honorarios del tribunal arbitral se establecen sobre una base ad valorem, cualquier compensación que deba ser pagada al Secretario Administrativo se considera incluida en los honorarios del tribunal arbitral.
El tribunal arbitral podrá solicitar a las partes el reembolso de los gastos razonables justificados del Secretario Administrativo incurridos con ocasión de las audiencias y reuniones.